Children at risk from titanium dioxide

9 March 2012 – Children are highly exposed to titanium dioxide, a white food colour additive found in confectionery.

A study tested 89 foods that contained the white colour E171, ranging from dairy products and beverages to confectionery and baked goods. Chewing gum products were found to contain the most titanium dioxide. Products such as Mentos Freshmint Gum, Eclipse Spearmint Gum and Trident White peppermint gum had some of the highest concentrations.

Previous studies have linked titanium dioxide exposure to asthma and Crohn’s disease, although the evidence is not conclusive.

US regulations authorise the use of titanium dioxide as a colour additive in foods in general at levels not to exceed 1%. India restricts its uses to chewing gum and bubble gum at not more than 1% and to powdered concentrate mixes for fruit beverage drinks not to exceed 100mg/kg. Japan lists its use as a food colour without limitation, other than specifying certain foods in which it is not permitted. The European Union also permits its use in foods, in general, with some specified exceptions, at quantum satis levels (the amount which is needed). However, EFSA is currently reviewing titanium dioxide as part of a re-evaluation of approved additives.

There are alternative ingredients available that may be used in place of titanium dioxide, for example, Chr. Hansen has developed a natural white colouring using calcium carbonate, and available from Beneo is a range of native white starches which are known for extreme whiteness.

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Confectionery Production